Principles of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Finance - Essay Example The company should be more interested in incremental cash flows in comparison to the total cash flows because incremental cash flows would reflect the increase in the cash flows from the project whereas the company could still be showing positive total profits even if the project is having a loss. Therefore it is more important to use the incremental cash flows as by using this method, the company would be able to analyze the marginal benefits that the project would give to the company and if the incremental cash flows are positive then the project should be accepted. The company should not use the incremental profits because it would also reflect the increase in the accounting profits from the project rather than showing the cash flows. Also the total profits or incremental cash flows should not be used to take capital budgeting decision because a firm can still be in positive total profits or positive incremental profits even if it is suffering from negative cash flows. Therefore, using the incremental cash flows would be the best technique for the firm. ... As depreciation is an expense, and therefore the higher the value of the depreciation expense, the lower would be the accounting profits of the company and therefore the lower amount of tax the company has to pay therefore depreciation would influence the cash flows in this manner. Part C: Sunk Costs and its Affect On Cash Flows When capital budgeting techniques are used to evaluate the feasibility of the project, sunk costs are ignored. The main focus in on the incremental cash flows particularly the incremental cash flows after deduction of taxes as they mainly reflect the cash flows at the end the company would receive. No matter what the decision has been made on the acceptance or rejection of the project, the sunk costs would still occur (Khan, 1993) and this would mean that sunk costs are not to be considered as incremental cash flows. Therefore incorporating the sunk cost in the capital budgeting technique would be irrelevant. Part D: Initial Project Outlay Initial project out lay is the amount of investment that would be required for the project. The initial outlay for this would be: Initial Project Outlay = All costs related to the Plant and equipment including shipping and installation costs + increment in the working capital because of the project Here, the installation and shipping cost is $100,000 Plant and equipment cost is $7,900,000 Increment in working capital is $100,000 So, Initial Project Outlay = $8,100,000 Part E: Differential Cash Flows Over The Project's Life Operating Cash Flow: Â  1 Â  2 Â  3 Â  4 Â  5 Revenue 21,000,000 36,000,000 42000000 24000000 15600000 Variable Cost 12600000 21600000 25200000 14400000 10800000 Â   8,400,000 14,400,000 16,800,000 9,600,000 4,800,000 Depreciation expense $1,600,000 $1,600,000 $1,600,000

Twentieth-Century art Essay Example for Free

Twentieth-Century art Essay In 1902 Boccioni left Rome to study the Impressionists in Paris; later, in 1904, he settled for some months in Russia with a family he had known in France. Through a trip to France in the autumn of 1911 Boccioni had become familiar with Cubist techniques. This new experience helped him to achieve a more autonomous artistic language in which the fragmentation of color was combined with a deeper perception of space. With time Boccioni was evolving an image of staggering physical power, and explored different means of expression. In his The City Rises of 1910-11 (Fig. 1), a painting of intense ambitiousness, done just at the threshold of his breakthrough into Futurism, it is quite apparent that he was indebted to Cubist inventions for the depiction of a fractured space and the breaking down of forms across the picture plane. But to this he adds something the Cubists had noticeably shied away from: color – the kind which illuminated and even decomposed forms in Impressionist painting with its resonance and brilliance. According to the art critic, Rosenblum, Boccioni still prolifically utilizes here a modified Impressionist technique whose atomizing effect on mass permits the forceful symbols of horse and manpower to slip out of their skins in a blur of moving light (Rosenblum, 1996). Figure 1 Umberto Boccioni The City Rises, 1910-11 Oil on canvas 6 ft 6 1/2 ins x 9 ft 10 1/2 ins Museum of Modern Art, New York In this work, painted in a half-naturalistic style and made up of dots and whirling strokes of vibrant color, forms, light and color melt into frenzy of simultaneous activities, each actively pursuing the other for clarity and visual authority. The result is something like visual noise, where each gesture or diminished form takes on the personality of a boisterous shout in a turbulent crowd. The artist attempts to express not merely people moving but movement itself and the collective emotion of the crowd. The relentless activity of The City Rises typified the one of the sides of Boccioni’s character where the brooding, emotional qualities of an artist were not easily suppressed. In the City Rises against the Milanese urban background of smoking chimneys, scaffolding, a streetcar, and a locomotive, enormous draft horses tug at their harnesses, while street workers attempt to direct the animals’ explosive strength. Robert Rosenblum in the book Cubism and Twentieth-Century Art describes pictorial means of â€Å"realizing this veneration of titanic energies and industrial activity† utilized in the painting as anachronistic and focuses on â€Å"the prominent role given to horse power† as on a symbol of that anachronism (Rosenblum, 1996, 180). Yet it appears that radical Boccioni’s treatment of forms within this Cubist space was actually much more conservative than that of his less political friends Picasso and Braque, and he never completely let go of the descriptive character of his work. On the other hand, Boccioni was at some pains to distinguish his movement from that of Cubism. As he saw it, the Cubists were merely projecting as simultaneous onto the plane of the canvas the sequence of aspects from which the object was viewed, whereas the planes of Futurism emanate from the dynamic interior of desolidified objects (Antliff, 2000, 722). When war was declared, he, like many of his Futurist comrades, immediately enlisted and joined the Lombard Cyclists Brigade. After short pause he returned to military service and shortly after was accidentally thrown from his horse during the cavalry training exercise and died following day, aged 33 (Osborn, 2001). It is so ironic that a Futurist should have met his death by being thrown from a horse, when his propagating of speed and dynamism would have recommended a more suitable vehicle, like an automobile or an airplane. Even more ironic seems the fact that the horse was a kind of leitmotiv of Boccioni’s art. In The City Rises immense flamboyant horses energize the foreground while some rather poky buildings rise in the background. It is with reference to the horse that Boccioni explains the principles of Futurism. â€Å"A running horse does not have four legs,† he writes in Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting, â€Å"It has twenty, and their movements are triangular. † (Boccioni et al. ) And perhaps the greatest irony of all was the artist’s welcome embrace of the First World War as a â€Å"cleansing† of culture. However, with the horrors of the First World War, Futurism died too. Works Cited Antliff, Mark. â€Å"The Fourth Dimension and Futurism: A Politicized Space. † The Art Bulletin v. 82 no. 4 (2000): 720-33. Boccioni, Umberto, et al. Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting. 1910 http://www. unknown. nu/futurism/techpaint. html (accessed April 12, 2007). Osborn, Bob. â€Å"The Pre-Futurist Years. † Futurism and the Futurists. http://futurism. org. uk/boccioni/boccframes. htm (accessed February 25, 2007) Rosenblum, Robert. Cubism and Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966 Taylor, Joshua C. Boccioni. New York: Double Company, Inc, 1961.

The Age Of Refrigeration Environmental Sciences Essay

The Age Of Refrigeration Environmental Sciences Essay The ozone depletion potential is the ability of gases to degrade ozone if released into the atmosphere, and is compared against the value for CFC-11 (CCl3F), which was chosen to be 1. The halocarbon global warming potential, or greenhouse warming potential of a gas, is a calculation of how strongly the release of a certain quantity of that gas would contribute to global warming, via the greenhouse effect. Once again, it is compared against the value for CFC-11 (CCl3F), which has the value of 1. HFC-134a (1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluroethane, CF3CH2F), a widely used refrigerant, is more environmentally suitable than many other possible refrigerants. Firstly, its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is completely nonexistent, meaning that the release of HFC-134a into the atmosphere would not damage any more of the ozone layer. This is superior to many other proposed replacements to CFC-11, which often feature greatly lowered ODP, rather than zero ODP. HFC-134a also has a reduced halocarbon global warming potential (HGWP) of 0.25, a quarter of CFC-11s value. HFC-134a is not the lowest in this value, however. Some other possible refrigerants, such as ammonia and iso-butane (C4H10) have incredibly low, almost non-existent HGWP values. However, both of these gases (especially ammonia) can be considered toxic to humans, and both are flammable, leaving them liable to explosion from a spark if they were to leak from a refrigeration unit. Because of this, HFC-134a is therefore a more suitable modern refrigerant for domestic use. (Website 1) Q1ii) CCl2=CHCl, or trichloroethylene, can be converted to HFC-134a (also called R-134a) by carrying out several reactions in sequence. In the first part of the reaction, CCl2=CHCl is reacted with hydrogen fluoride (HF) to produce CCl2F CH2Cl. In the second part of the reaction, the CCl2F CH2Cl is reacted with 2HF to form CF3 CH2Cl, and then with another HF to created the HFC-134a (CF3=CH2F). This whole reaction process is shown in full below In order for HFC-134as usage to become widespread, its conversion from trichloroethene through industrial means needed not only to be feasible, but both cost and time effective as well. Firstly, the reaction process takes place within two separate chambers. One of the chambers is where the reaction products can be separated, allowing the HFC-134a to be isolated from dangerous, or otherwise unwanted products. The other chamber deals with recycling the trichloroethylene (CCl2=CHCl) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) used within the reaction, so they can be reused within subsequent reactions. This helps to make the HFC-134a conversion process more cost effective. A fluorination catalyst is also used in the reaction process, helping to make the conversion more feasible and time efficient. The conversion process also takes place at high temperatures (up to 400oC) and at super-atmospheric pressure to further ensure that it operates both cost and time effectively. (Website 1) Q2i) According to the research published in the article Regulating To Reduce Emissions Of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases from the Journal of fluorine chemistry, the chemical compounds which contribute the most to global warming are, in order: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), the ozone depleting substances (CFCs HCFCs), and then the fluorinated greenhouse gases, namely hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) Carbon dioxide (CO2), the gas most contributive to global warming, is a small atmospheric molecule that is a key component of our atmosphere as it is used in the carbon cycle of plants. Of all of the contributing gases, CO2 has the lowest global warming potential (GWP). However, due to the incredibly high production and release of the gas into the atmosphere, CO2 is still the leading cause of global warming. Methane (CH4) is another simple chemical structure, and is the main component of natural gas. Like CO2 it has a relatively low GWP, but is a major contributing factor to global warming due the large amounts of the gas released into the atmosphere. Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is an oxide of nitrogen, more commonly called laughing gas that is used for both anaesthesia and for its oxidizing effects. N2Os GWP is higher than methane and carbon dioxide, but its level of emissions is also much lower The ozone depleting substances, namely HCFCs CFCs, were incredibly common in the early days of domestic refrigeration, as they were non flammable, non toxic and inexpensive. They were quickly phased out from general use, however, when it was discovered that they had an extremely detrimental impact on the ozone layer. They also contribute to global warming, and though they were largely replaced by the use of other gases such as HCFs, they still contribute significantly to global warming. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are chemically similar to CFCs, but do not share their ozone destroying effects. As a result of this similarity and due to the inert nature of HFCs (non-flammable non-toxic in almost all cases) they are widely used as replacements for CFCs in a variety of domestic appliances and products. However, HFCs feature considerable global warming potentials (GWPs), making them a key contributor to global warming. Compound Compound Emissions (million tonnes) Global Warming Potential (100 year vs. CO2) GWP emissions (million tonnes CO2e) Percentage contribution to global warming (%) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 30800.00 1 30800 65.4 Methane (CH4) 350.00 21 7350 15.6 Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 11.00 310 3410 7.2 Ozone Depleting Substances (CFCs HCFCs) 0.60 8100 4860 10.3 Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 0.14 2800 392 0.8 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 0.02 6500 130 0.3 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 0.01 23900 143 0.3 Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrocarbon derivatives, are another set of environmentally damaging compounds, especially when they are saturated and within the C1-C6 range. They are useful compounds in the electronics industry, though it is an aim that their usage is kept to the absolute minimum and only when no other compound would perform the desired function in their place. Like HFCs, they have a lower level of emissions, but a high GWP Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a technically diverse gas, useful for a diverse range of applications, but most commonly used as a dielectric gas in situations involving high voltages because of its dielectric strength and constant, its properties for arc (spark gap)-quenching and its suitability for use in transferring heat. Its level of emissions may be the lowest of all contributing gases, but its GWP is by far the highest. (Lindley, 2005) Emission values for these key compounds, and their percentage contributions to global warming, are shown in the table below. Table 1: Greenhouse gas emissions in the year 2000 [Adapted from table 1 (Lindley, 2005)] The relative dangers of certain molecules, in regards to global warming, can also be assessed via radiative forcing. Radiative forcing is the effects of the heat energy produced by solar rays being held within the atmosphere (most crucially between the lowest part of the atmosphere [troposphere] and the stratosphere) of earth, rather than escaping out into space. This effect is made worse by the over abundance of certain gases in this section of the atmosphere. Therefore, measuring the radiative forcing effects of certain gases can, in turn, help work out how much of an effect that molecule is having on global warming. A figure, showing the extent of radiative forcing effects for different gases is shown. Figure 1 (right): estimated radiative forcing effects of key gases from 1990-2015 [Figure 1 from (Lindley, 2005)] It is clear from the results shown that in order for the effects of global warming to be lessened, reduction in the emissions of these key contributing compounds would need to be carried out. Most crucially, the emissions of CO2 would need to be lessened, as it has the highest percentage contribution to global warming, as well as the largest radiative forcing value. The radiative forcing values for ozone depleting substances are also very large, but as these are being phased out and replaced by the fluorinated greenhouse gases (HFCs, PFCs. SF6), they are less of a concern. (Lindley, 2005) Q2ii) F-Gas regulation is a proposal designed to keep the usage of hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons under stricter control, so that their emission levels do not contribute any more significantly to global warming. This will be achieved through a variety of means, including: improved containment of gases, reduced and restricted gas usage and putting requirements on how these gases are destroyed. In some cases, a ban may even be placed on a certain gas, preventing it from being used for specific functions. Furthermore businesses that use produce or sell f-gases are required to disclose what quantities of F-gas they are using, creating and supplying respectively. In addition to this, those involved with F-gases will be trained on how to safely handle the gases and prevent any unnecessary leaks, and any significant use of F-gases must be labelled as such. These measures all serve the purpose of limiting the amount of fluorinated greenhouse gases that are leaked into the atmosphere, keep ing the percentage contribution of fluorinated greenhouse gases to global warming as low as possible. (Lindley, 2005) In accordance with these regulations, industrial refrigeration systems are now to be inspected on a regular basis. Details on these new procedures is found in the table below Table 2: Inspection schedules for refrigeration units of different capacities [Adapted from table 2 (Lindley, 2005)] Quantity of F-Gas in Refrigeration System Inspection Frequency (With No Leak Detection) Inspection frequency (With Leak Detection) Containing up to 30 kg (excluding airtight systems which contain less than 6kg) Once every 12 months Installation not required Containing up to 300kg Once every 6 months Installation not required (Presence of install halves inspection frequency) Containing more than 300kg Once every 3 months Installation mandatory (Presence of install halves inspection frequency) [Note: In the event of a leak, the system must undergo reinspection 1 month after the leak has been fixed] Also, the F-gas regulation stipulates that certain refrigeration applications must be banned completely. Details on those affected applications are shown in the table below. Table 3: Banned refrigeration applicants under F-gas regulation [Adapted from table 3 (Lindley, 2005)] Type of Gas Prohibited Usage Date of prohibition Fluorinated greenhouse gases Non-refillable containers Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Windows for domestic use Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Other windows One year after the Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases Footwear 1 July 2006 Fluorinated greenhouse gases Tyres Start of F-Gas Regulations Fluorinated greenhouse gases One component foams One year after the Start of F-Gas Regulations (except when required to meet national safety standards Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons Refrigerants in non-confined direct-evaporation systems Start of F-Gas Regulations Perfluorocarbons Fire protection systems and fire extinguishers Start of F-Gas Regulations Hydrofluorocarbons Novelty aerosols Two years after the Start of F-Gas Regulations Q2iii) F-Gas regulations put restrictions on the many uses of fluorinated gases. One such restriction is that of HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning units, such as those used in cars. The popularity of air-conditioning in cars has been rising steadily since the early 1990s, such that now over 80% of cars in Europe have this feature installed. While the HFC-134a system is much more efficient than the earlier CFC systems, using less than half of the 1.5kgs of gas that they used, and further research was being carried out in order to make more efficient systems, the EU has still decided to prohibit their future usage, having the use of the gas gradually phased out until 2017 when its usage is completely banned. This will have a considerable effect on the HFC134a industry as its usage in cars and other similar transport makes up a considerable part of their market. In turn, car manufacturers will have to develop new air-conditioning systems in cars, and this will drive up the cost of newer car models to counter development costs. (Lindley, 2005) 3) Ever since the realisation of mankinds negative impact on the environment, preventative measures have been put in place to try and reverse them, and several different pieces of legislation help to ensure that this is the case. The Montreal protocol, which banned the usage of CFCs and HCFCs, was created to help protect the ozone layer from further harm. In this regard, the protocol can be considered a success. Levels of ozone damaging gases in the atmosphere have been steadily falling, and it is estimated that the ozone layer could have repaired itself as early as 2050 (WMO, 2006). However, the replacement of CFCs and HCFCs with fluorinate gases to combat the destruction of the ozone layer lead to more environmental concerns, namely that these fluorinated greenhouse gases were making a significant impact on global warming. While the impact of these gases on global warming may be less than that of some other greenhouse gases (namely CO2) their effects are still considerable, and several pieces of legislation have been set up to try and decrease their usage. Firstly, the Kyoto protocol listed several fluorinated greenhouse gases, including HFCs, PFCs and SF6, along with CO2, CH4 and N2O, as gases that must have their levels of emissions decreased. The F-Gas regulation, making reference to the Kyoto protocol, set regulations on the usage of the HFCs and PFCs, helping to reduce their prevalence in society. Despite this, global warming problems continue to rise, thanks to increasing atmospheric levels of CO2. As long as CO2 is so prevalent in the atmosphere, reducin g the effects of comparatively less harmful fluorinated gases through legislation can only do so much in helping to combat the rising problems of global warming (Lindley, 2005 Website 2)

Myths of the American Dream Exposed in Arthur Millers Death of a Sales

Myths of the American Dream Exposed in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman    Willy Loman, the lead character of Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, believes in "the myths of the capitalistic society"(DiYanni 412). This essay will examine the impact of the capitalistic myths on Willy Lowman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy believes in the myth that popularity and physical appearance are the keys that unlock the door to the â€Å"American Dream†. We are first introduced to the importance of popularity and physical appearance when Willy is speaking to his wife, Linda, about their son Biff.   â€Å"Biff Loman is lost,† says Willy.   â€Å"In the greatest country in the world, a young man with such personal attractiveness gets lost.†Ã‚   In this quote, not only is Willy confused about how Biff’s good looks can’t help him get a job, but also because his son can’t get a job in a country like America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy believes in appearance, in phoniness, in popularity with those he regards as important in the capitalistic machine. An example of how Willy depends on popularity to help achieve the dream is seen when Willy is having a flashback in which he’s speaking to both Biff and Happy about having his own business. The boys ask their father if his business will be like their Uncle Charley’s.   Willy responds by saying that he’ll be, â€Å"Bigger than Uncle Charley!   Because Charley is not- liked.   He’s liked, but he’s not- well liked.†Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most significant example of Willy’s belief in the popularity myth also takes place in one of Willy’s flashbacks.   Again, he is speaking to his sons about becoming successful.   He tells them, â€Å"...the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ... ... slogans for his own beliefs: â€Å"Chevrolet, Linda, is the greatest car ever built.† But his blind faith cannot sustain him: â€Å"That goddam Chevrolet, they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car†.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each day Willy must run faster and stretch his arms out further in his attempt to catch the dream. When he is too tired to run, Willy is spewed out of the capitalistic machine as a worn-out and useless part. Willy then gives all that he has remaining so that his son can collect the insurance money and thereby pay his entrance fee to the capitalistic machine. The same machine that destroyed Willy. Works Cited DiYanni, Robert. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Compact Edition. McGraw Hill, 2000. 395-530. Miller, Arthur. "Death of a Salesman" in Literature, Reading, Reacting, Writing, Compact Fourth Edition. Harcourt, Inc. 2000.

Damath Game Essay

Introduction: Damath comes from the Pinoys checker board game called â€Å"dama† and Mathematics. It blends local civilization. instruction and digital engineering that aim to do math instruction and larning child-friendly. disputing and synergistic. DAMATH. a patent-pending mathematical board-game invented by five-time national awardees Jesus L. Huenda. is coined from the popular Filipino checker board game of Dama. ( or lady in Spanish ) and mathematics. It started in a Sorsogon National High School category in Sorsogon. Philippines and its popularity spread rapidly and resulted in the first national DAMATH competitions held at Legaspi City in 1980. He initiated this competition with the support of the Science Foundation of the Philippines. He hopes to present DAMATH to secondary math instructors as portion of a demand of his work as PASMEP Fellow at Curtin University / WACAE. Western Australia. Why DAMATH? Because in its alone manner. Damath board game ushers the Filipino school childs into the new millenary by fiting them with competitory life-long acquisition for understanding and ICT-fluency accomplishments. When school kids play Damath board game they besides learn to research. firm-up. intensify. and reassign to day-to-day undertakings the constructs of existent Numberss and its belongingss and operations. Furthermore. it stimulates the children’s capableness to believe deeper through originative math storytelling. flow chart. construct map. tree diagram. image conundrum. haiku. cryptograph. secret codification decrypting. simulation. function playing. jangle or blame composition. contemplation diary authorship. and job resolution. This game is gratifying and you can larn fast about calculating and using the different operations in Mathematics. Aims of the game â€Å"DAMATH† I. To incorporate the Filipino checkerboard game of Dama into the instruction of mathematical constructs and accomplishments. two. To promote the use of recycled stuffs in building Damath board set ( for schoolroom usage merely ) . three. To analyse Damath as a possible topic of mathematical probes. four. To heighten wholesome interpersonal dealingss among scholars. v. To advance mathematical consciousness among. household members in peculiar and the community in general through the mathematics club’s community outreach Damath competitions. six. To advance consciousness of misss in mathematics [ as male monarch is to the game of cheat. so dama is to Damath ] . History of the game: The game’s name. â€Å"Damath. † comes from the popular board game â€Å"dama† and â€Å"mathematics. † It was invented by Jesus L. Huenda. a instructor in Sorsogon. who had encountered jobs in learning math utilizing traditional instruction methods. Inspired in portion by an investigatory undertaking called â€Å"Dama de Numero† submitted by a pupil in 1975. Huenda overhauled the game and introduced it to his category. who enjoyed playing. Damath grew in popularity so that by 1980. the first Damath tourney was held in Sorsogon. The following twelvemonth. Huenda received a gilded medallion from the late President Ferdinand Marcos for his parts in the field of learning mathematics. The game reached its peak popularity in the ninetiess. when it made the unit of ammunitions of several mathematics instruction conventions all over the universe such as the tenth Conference of the Mathematical Association of Western Australia ( MAWA ) . the UNESCO-ICT4E co nference in Thailand. the SEAMEO RECSAM/SEAMEC conference in Malaysia. and the APEC Learning Community Builders ( ALCoB ) conference in Korea. The Basic game of the Play As the name implies. the game is basically the same as Dama but with an added math turn: in order to win in Damath. a participant must hit the most points which are earned by â€Å"eating† the opponent’s pieces. In Dama. the move ends at that place ; in Damath. the participant must work out the mathematical operation on the square in which the opponent’s piece is presently standing. The reply to that mathematical operation is the sum of points that the participant will have when s/he does â€Å"eat† the opponent’s piece. If the piece marked â€Å"-1† chows the piece marked â€Å"-3. † with â€Å"-3† standing on a generation square. the participant must foremost work out the operation ( -1 x -3 = 3 ) and will acquire three points. The game will travel on until all pieces belonging to a participant have been eaten and the tonss computed. Because of the demand to work out operations. participants must name down all moves during the game so the moves can be reviewed. particularly by the Judgess in a tourney scene.

the murder of john lenno essays

the murder of john lenno essays John Lennon and his wife, Yoko Ono, were being driven the short distance from the recording studio to their New York City apartment where mark David Chapman waited shot john Lennon, why did he decide to do this what influenced him Mark David Chapman was born on May the 10th in 1955, near Fort Worth, in Texas., the first child of David and Diane Chapman. His father work as a staff sergeant in the Air Force, his mother a nurse Chapman claimed to have had an unhappy childhood. He got picked on a lot by other kids at school because he was different He fell back on imaginary friends. He told his biographer: I used to fantasize that I was a king, and I had all these Little People around me and that they lived in the walls. And that I was their hero and was in the paper every day and I was on TV every day, their TV, and that I was important. They all kind of worshipped me, you know. It was like I could do no wrong, Adults considered him a normal boy. His IQ was 121, well above average. He had the interests of other boys his age rockets, UFOs and, of course, the Beatles, whose records he played endlessly. He looked forward to the annual showing of The Wizard of Oz on TV. But privately, he told psychiatrists, he lived in dread of his father, who he said beat his mother. He said, Id wake up hearing my mother screaming my name, and it just scared the fire out of me, and Id run in there and make him go away. Sometimes I think I actually pushed him away. He fantasized about getting a gun and blowing his father away. He told psychologists his father never gave him the love or emotional support he needed: I dont think I ever hugged my father. He never told me he loved me. And he never said he was sorry. What influenced mark David Chapman to kill john Lennon? ...